Groups With Two Generators Having Unsolvable Word Problem And Presentations of Mihailova Subgroups

A presentation of a group with two generators having unsolvable word problem and an explicit countable presentation of Mihailova subgroup of F_2×F_2 with finite number of generators are given. Where Mihailova subgroup of F_2×F_2 enjoys the unsolvable subgroup membership problem.One then can use the presentation to create entities\u27 private key in a public key cryptsystem

A Survey for Graphic Design Intelligence

Graphic design is an effective language for visual communication. Using complex composition of visual elements (e.g., shape, color, font) guided by design principles and aesthetics, design helps produce more visually-appealing content. The creation of a harmonious design requires carefully selecting and combining different visual elements, which can be challenging and time-consuming. To expedite the design process, emerging AI techniques have been proposed to automatize tedious tasks and facilitate human creativity. However, most current works only focus on specific tasks targeting at different scenarios without a high-level abstraction. This paper aims to provide a systematic overview of graphic design intelligence and summarize literature in the taxonomy of representation, understanding and generation. Specifically we consider related works for individual visual elements as well as the overall design composition. Furthermore, we highlight some of the potential directions for future explorations.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

Double shielded Public Key Cryptosystems

By introducing extra shields on Shpilrain and Ushakov\u27s Ko-Lee-like protocol based on the decomposition problem of group elements we propose two new key exchange schemes and then a number of public key cryptographic protocols. We show that these protocols are free of known attacks. Particularly,if the entities taking part in our protocols create their private keys composed by the generators of the Mihailova subgroups of Bn, we show that the safety of our protocols are very highly guarantied by the insolvability of subgroup membership problem of the Mihailova subgroups

A Practical Illustration of Methods to Deal with Potential Outliers: A Multiverse Outlier Analysis of Study 3 from Brummelman, Thomaes, Orobio de Castro, Overbeek, and Bushman (2014)

Recently, Brummelman, Thomaes, Orobio de Castro, Overbeek, and Bushman (2014: Study 3) demonstrated that inflated praise benefits challenge seeking of children with high self-esteem, but harms challenge seeking of children with low self-esteem. In the present paper, we examined the original data set on model-fit and prediction outliers according to various reasonable criteria and norms. Subsequently, we carried out a multiverse outlier re-analysis on the data of Brummelman and colleagues’ Study 3, employing the same analytical approach as the original authors did but excluding outliers. Out of the twelve re-analyses in the multiverse, six demonstrated that removing only a small number of outliers rendered the originally reported crucial interaction effect between self-esteem and type of praise non-significant and produced a sizeable reduction of the effect size. The present paper illustrates the use of reporting outlier analyses, which lies in allowing a critical evaluation of the empirical evidence and offering a more complete picture that enhances future studies in the field

High Rn-222 concentrations and dynamics in Shawan Cave, southwest China

Cave Rn-222 has been a major health issue and subject of scientific debate for decades. While the basics of natural ventilation physics are well understood, it is difficult to make blind predictions of Rn-222 concentrations in a given cave due to the complexity of cave systems. In-situ continuous observation is necessary to improve our ability to quantify radiation dose exposure and reduce radiation hazard to cave users, and trace the air exchange patterns occurring in caves. In this study, continuous monitoring using a RAD7 radon detector revealed high Rn-222 concentrations and large fluctuations in Rn-222 concentration in a small karst cave in southwest China, Shawan Cave. From August 2016 to July 2017, the average annual concentration was 47,419 Bqm(-3) and ranged between 3720 and 123,000 Bqm(-3), with lower values during summer than other seasons. Taking Shawan Cave as a case study, we suggest a framework to evaluate the potential dose exposure, allowing cave users to minimize risk of exposure to hazardous levels of Rn-222. Furthermore, we comparing results from this study with other studies in 35 caves worldwide, and conclude that there are three patterns of seasonal Rn-222 variation. They were classified into five types of ventilation mode based on diversity of cave locations, geometry and connectivity of bed rock fracture networks, together with temperature differences between outside atmosphere and cave air